The most active ingredient, the least impurity
| Country | Common names |
|---|---|
| English | Asafoetida , Devil's Dung |
| India | Hing, Heeng, Hengu, Hingu, Ingu, Inguva, Kayam, Perungayam, Perunkaya, Raamathan |
| France | Asa-foetida, Asafetide, Assa foetida, Ferule persique, Merde du diable, assaFerula |
| China | A-wei, 新疆阿魏, 阜康阿魏 |
| Germany | Asafoetida, Asafotida, Asant, Stinkasant, Teufelsdreck |
| Türkiye | Şeytan tersi (devil's sweat), şeytan boku (devil's shit) or şeytanotu (the devil's herb) Şeytan bokosu |
| Afghanistan | Hang, Anguza, Kama |
| Pakistan | Anjadana, Kama, Anguza |
| Vietnam | Angui |
| Russia | Aсафетида |
| Poland | Asafoetida, Zapaliczka Cuchnaca |
| Denmark | Dyvelsdrak |
| Greece | Aza |
| Hungary | Ordoggyoker |
| Sweden | Dyvelsträck |
| Italy | Assafetida |
| Norway | Dyvelsdrekk |
| Spain | Asafoetida |
| Netherlands | Duivelsdrek, Afrikaans duiwelsdrek |
| Finland | Asafoetida, Hajupihka, Pirunpaska, Pirunpihka |
| Saudi Arabia | Haltit (Haltit) |
| Japan | Agi Asahueteida |
| Heading | Description |
|---|---|
| Scientific name | Ferula assa-foetida |
| Author | L. |
| Family | Umbelliferae |
| Homotypic Synonyms | Peucedanum assa-foetida (L.) Baill. Scorodosma assa-foetida (L.) H.Karst. |
| Heterotypic Synonyms | Ferula foetida St.-Lag. Ferula hooshee Lindl. ex Descourt. Narthex polakii Stapf. Narthex silphium Oerst. Peucedanum hooshee (Lindl. ex Descourt.) Baill. |
| Pharmaceutical Grade | 3 |
| Food Grade | 3 |
| Hing in persian | اَنغوزه، آنغوزه، آنقوزه |
| Heading | Description |
|---|---|
| Plant height (m) | 2 |
| Canopy Width (m) | 1.5 |
| Growth form | Perennial |
| Does the plant fix nitrogen? | No |
Sun Lover
| Heading | Description |
|---|---|
| Ideal soil texture | Light (sand), medium (loamy), heavy |
| Is the plant able to grow in poor soil? | No |
| Does the plant grow in heavy clay soil? | No |
| Soil pH | Acidic, neutral, alkaline (basic) |
| Does the plant growth in highly acidic soils? | No |
| Does the plant grow in highly alkaline soil? | No |
| Humidity | Dry soil, humid soil |
| Does the plant need well-drained soil? | Yes |
| Heading | Description |
|---|---|
| Is the plant self-pollinating? | Yes |
| Type of flower | Male and Female |
| How to pollinate | Insects |
Spices, leaves, roots
Plant
Gum resin, Essential oil
Massive taproots or carrot-shaped (Conical) roots
Growth into the depth of the soil.
| Heading | Description |
|---|---|
| Sea level | 950 - 2400 |
| Climate |
|
| Land slope in degrees | 15 - 40 |
| Annual rainfall volume (mm) | 150 - 250 |
| Standard temperature (Annual - C°) |
|
Note: Asafoetida plant is native to Iran.
Note: This plant is not native to India, but it has been used for centuries in Indian medicine and cuisine.
Please do not use in the following conditions and situations:
- Pregnant women
- Breastfeeding period
- Infants
- Oral administration with non-standard dosage
Note: Before using topically, be sure to consult with your doctor to avoid skin allergies.
Types of Hing in Iran
Bitter Hing
| Heading | Description |
|---|---|
| Scientific name of the productive plant | Ferula assa-foetida |
| Season of extracting plant gum resin (On average) | May |
| The best time to buy in bulk | October |
Sweet Hing
| Heading | Description |
|---|---|
| Scientific name of the productive plant | Ferula foetida |
| Season of extracting plant gum resin | June |
| The best time to buy in bulk | October |
| Iranian name (Persian pronounce) | Gan.de.koma |
| Author | (Bunge) Regel |
| Homotypic Synonyms | Scorodosma foetidum Bunge |
| Heterotypic Synonyms | Ferula scorodosma Bentley & Trimen |
What is the difference between Bitter and Sweet Hing?
| Type | Sulfur CMPD | Coumarin CMPD |
|---|---|---|
| Bitter | ||
| Sweet | --- |
Comparison of Hing essential oil between two of the best harvest poles in Iran
COORD | EOs (%) | CMPD (N) |
|---|---|---|
27.6628° N, Hide E | 8.75 | 56 |
33.5961° N, Hide E | 4.2 | 44 |
The main components of Iran’s best Bitter Hing essential oil
Name | RI | Pct. |
|---|---|---|
(E)-1-Propenyl sec-butyl disulfide | 1175 | 24.297 |
(Z)-1-Propenyl sec-butyl disulfide | 1166 | 12.403 |
10-epi-γ-Eudesmol | 1617 | 9.538 |
α-Pinene | 932 | 9.413 |
β-Pinene | 976 | 7.654 |
(Z)-β-Ocimene | 1035 | 4.843 |
Bis(1-methyl thio)propyl disulfide | 1425 | 4.122 |
Dihydro β-agarofuran | 1495 | 3.448 |
The main components of Iran’s best Sweet Hing essential oil
Name | RI | Pct. |
|---|---|---|
(E)-1-Propenyl sec-butyl disulfide | 1177 | 41.088 |
(Z)-1-Propenyl sec-butyl disulfide | 1169 | 26.263 |
Bis(1-methyl thio)propyl disulfide | 1423 | 7.566 |
Bis(1-methyl propyl)disulfide | 1210 | 3.209 |
α-Longipinene | 1349 | 2.937 |
Types of Hing according to the structure of plant resin
1. Nukra Hing
After making the first cut on the stump of the Asafoetida plant, a resin with low concentration and impurity, a higher percentage of fat and essential oil (compared to the resin obtained from other cuts) oozes out, depending on the ability of the exploitation team and the weather conditions at that time of the year, on average, after 10 to 15 days, they collect it, which is called Nukra Hing gum resin.
| Heading | Description |
|---|---|
| Botanical Name | Asafoetida Crystal |
| Common Hindi Name | Nukra Hing |
| Form Of Irani Nukra Hing | Crystal |
| Dried | Yes |
| Organic | Yes |
| Place Of Origin | IRAN |
2. PASTY
After the first cutting and Kokh harvest, depending on the experience of the exploitation team and the conditions of the plant stump, after a few days, they start cutting the stump again, the time interval between each cutting of the stump is on average between 4 and 5 days in different poles of the harvest and the resin that is harvested after this period, usually from the third and fourth cutting, is called Pasty Hing. Compared to the first resin (Kokh), this resin is thicker and the amount of essential oil and fat is less.
Types of Pasty Hing in IRAN
| Row | Name |
|---|---|
| 1 | Pinexir Hing |
| 2 | Hingra Hing |
| 3 | Irani Ras Hing |
| 4 | Perungayam Brown Cake Asafoetida |
2.1 Pinexir Hing
| Heading | Description |
|---|---|
| Botanical Name | Peernexir Aesafoetida |
| Common Hindi Name | Talab Hing |
| Form Of Pinexir Hing | Liquid |
| Color | White (Milky) |
| Taste Form | Spicy |
| Oil Content | Present |
| Domestic Market | Used Heavily all over India |
| Organic | Yes |
| Place Of Origin | IRAN |
2.2 Hingra Hing
| Heading | Description |
|---|---|
| Common Hindi Name | HINGRA |
| Benefits | Digestion |
| Organic | Yes |
| Place Of Origin | IRAN |
2.3 Irani Ras Hing
| Heading | Description |
|---|---|
| Common Hindi Name | Irani Ras Hing |
| Color | Brownish |
| Dried | Non Dried |
| Organic | Yes |
| Place Of Origin | IRAN |
2.4 Perungayam Brown Cake Hing
| Heading | Description |
|---|---|
| Common English Name | Perungayam Cake Asafoetida |
| Color | Brown |
| Organic | Yes |
| Place Of Origin | IRAN |
3. DRIED
Asafoetida resin contains some water. If the Pasty Hing remains on the stump of the Asafoetida plant for a long time, depending on the climatic conditions and ambient temperature, or if it loses its water after harvesting in different traditional and industrial methods, a dry Hing is created.
4. Hadda Hing
It is called a resin that oozes out from the stem of the male Asafoetida plant due to the impact of pebbles due to the wind blowing in the mountains, insect bites or stem breakage. The amount of this resin is very low and because it oxidizes quickly when exposed to air; it has the lowest amount of impurities.
| Heading | Description |
|---|---|
| Common English Name | Irani Perungayam |
| Common Hindi Name | Hadda Hing |
| Common Name | Irani Hing |
| Variety | Solid & Almost Pasty |
| Form Of Hadda Hing | Crystal |
| Color | Golden |
| Dried | Yes |
| Moisture Percentage | Approx 0.5% |
| Size | Small |
| Organic | Yes |
| Place Of Origin | IRAN |
5. XL Hing
The dried version of each slice of the Asafoetida plant stump, which is cut for the next stage of extracting the Asafoetida resin, is called “XL Hing”.
| Heading | Description |
|---|---|
| Form Of XL Hing | Granules |
| Color | Brownish |
| Dried | Yes |
| Organic | Yes |
| Place Of Origin | IRAN |
Types of Hing according to the structure of plant resin
1. Nukra Hing
After making the first cut on the stump of the Asafoetida plant, a resin with low concentration and impurity, a higher percentage of fat and essential oil (compared to the resin obtained from other cuts) oozes out, depending on the ability of the exploitation team and the weather conditions at that time of the year, on average, after 10 to 15 days, they collect it, which is called Nukra Hing gum resin.
| Heading | Description |
|---|---|
| Botanical Name | Asafoetida Crystal |
| Common Hindi Name | Nukra Hing |
| Form Of Irani Nukra Hing | Crystal |
| Dried | Yes |
| Organic | Yes |
| Place Of Origin | IRAN |
2. PASTY
After the first cutting and Kokh harvest, depending on the experience of the exploitation team and the conditions of the plant stump, after a few days, they start cutting the stump again, the time interval between each cutting of the stump is on average between 4 and 5 days in different poles of the harvest and the resin that is harvested after this period, usually from the third and fourth cutting, is called Pasty Hing. Compared to the first resin (Kokh), this resin is thicker and the amount of essential oil and fat is less.
| Row | Name |
|---|---|
| 1 | Pinexir Hing |
| 2 | Hingra Hing |
| 3 | Irani Ras Hing |
| 4 | Perungayam Brown Cake Asafoetida |
2.1 Pinexir Hing
| Heading | Description |
|---|---|
| Botanical Name | Peernexir Aesafoetida |
| Common Hindi Name | Talab Hing |
| Form Of Pinexir Hing | Liquid |
| Color | White (Milky) |
| Taste Form | Spicy |
| Oil Content | Present |
| Domestic Market | Used Heavily all over India |
| Organic | Yes |
| Place Of Origin | IRAN |
2.2 Hingra Hing
| Heading | Description |
|---|---|
| Common Hindi Name | HINGRA |
| Benefits | Digestion |
| Organic | Yes |
| Place Of Origin | IRAN |
2.3 Irani Ras Hing
| Heading | Description |
|---|---|
| Common Hindi Name | Irani Ras Hing |
| Color | Brownish |
| Dried | Non Dried |
| Organic | Yes |
| Place Of Origin | IRAN |
2.4 Perungayam Brown Cake Hing
| Heading | Description |
|---|---|
| Common English Name | Perungayam Cake Asafoetida |
| Color | Brown |
| Organic | Yes |
| Place Of Origin | IRAN |
3. DRIED
Asafoetida resin contains some water. If the Pasty Hing remains on the stump of the Asafoetida plant for a long time, depending on the climatic conditions and ambient temperature, or if it loses its water after harvesting in different traditional and industrial methods, a dry Hing is created.
4. Hadda Hing
It is called a resin that oozes out from the stem of the male Asafoetida plant due to the impact of pebbles due to the wind blowing in the mountains, insect bites or stem breakage. The amount of this resin is very low and because it oxidizes quickly when exposed to air; it has the lowest amount of impurities.
| Heading | Description |
|---|---|
| Common English Name | Irani Perungayam |
| Common Hindi Name | Hadda Hing |
| Common Name | Irani Hing |
| Variety | Solid & Almost Pasty |
| Form Of Hadda Hing | Crystal |
| Color | Golden |
| Dried | Yes |
| Moisture Percentage | Approx 0.5% |
| Size | Small |
| Organic | Yes |
| Place Of Origin | IRAN |
5. XL Hing
The dried version of each slice of the Asafoetida plant stump, which is cut for the next stage of extracting the Asafoetida resin, is called “XL Hing”.
| Heading | Description |
|---|---|
| Form Of XL Hing | Granules |
| Color | Brownish |
| Dried | Yes |
| Organic | Yes |
| Place Of Origin | IRAN |
